Overview
Florence Fennel offers a sweeter, more aromatic anise-like flavor. Its bulbous base can be sautéed, stewed, braised, grilled, or eaten raw. Fennel seeds flavor Italian sausage, while its tender leaves are used in garnishes, salads, and to enhance soups and fish dishes.
Conditions
Fennel thrives in full sun and well-draining soil. It grows best in temperatures of 60-75°F (15-24°C). It dislikes frost and may bolt (flower early) in heat or if watering is inconsistent.
Planting
Sow seeds directly after the last frost, 1/4" deep and 12-18" apart. For a continuous harvest, plant more seeds every 2-3 weeks. If starting indoors, transplant carefully to avoid disturbing the taproot.
Care
Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Add mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Fertilize lightly with organic fertilizer when plants are about 6 inches tall. Space plants well for airflow to reduce disease risk.
Pests and Disease
Watch for aphids, slugs, and whiteflies. Control pests with insecticidal soap or by introducing ladybugs. Avoid fungal issues like powdery mildew by ensuring good airflow and watering at the base.
Harvest
Harvest leaves once the plant is established. Pick bulbs when they are 3-4" wide, about 90-115 days after planting. Cut the bulb at soil level, and store in the fridge for up to a week. You can also collect seeds once the flowers dry.
